Anti- Imperalism

Anti-Imperialism lead to the contraction of certain states holdings and power, most notably the Ottoman Empire. This arose in part to due nationalism in these regions bringing the people's allegiance back to their region such as Egypt as opposed to the Ottoman Empire. Combined with the already fragile Ottoman rule this lead Egypt, the Balkans, and most of Ottoman Africa to gain either complete independence or at least semi autonomy. Other nations would also feel the effects of anti- Imperialism, even the U.S. with the rebellions in the Philippines, and while many nations such as the U.S. managed to suppress anti-Imperialism within their territories, many nations would feel its effects.

Nationalism

Nationalism was a unifying factor at a national level, while reducing regional allegiances. While economically and socially this mean increased stability and prosperity for the nation, it also focused people's attention outward. This led to a series of wars in Europe during this period, wars that with the power of industrialization were more terrible than ever before.

Imperalism Global Effects

For those European countries partaking in imperialism, its effects were double handed. On one hand imperialism brought with it a secure market for that country's goods and access to cheaper goods from that market. However, these benefits are somewhat offset in that large taxes were necessary to fund imperialistic efforts. For the recipients of  imperialism the effects also possessed dualism. For industries who competed with the mother countries goods, imperialism frequently meant impoverishment and repression of their trade, and restricted freedom for the people as a whole. While in certain areas such as dock workers, in ports bustling with trade brought about by imperialism, job security was assured. Imperialism also brought with it better infrastructure and sanitation facilities such as railroads and hospitals. As you can see imperialism was full of double handedness impoverishing some while enriching others.

What Methods and Tactics did Industrialized States Use to Establish and Expand Their Empires?

European states established and expanded their empires via military power. In some cases, they did this by simply conquering states such as Africa and India. Britain established economic imperialism, the practice of dominating another's economy if not the state itself, in places such as China via the Opium War, in which Britain used its great military might to open up Chinese ports to British goods (specifically opium). The U.S. as well practiced economic imperialism by using military intimidation to force open Japan's ports for trade.

Colonial Rule Over Time

During this time period  European nations such as France, Britain, and a unified Germany established or increased control over their colonial system. For instance France would show increasing power over Indochina while Britain increased state control in India in place of the East India Company. Finally Germany quickly sated their imperialist ambitions by establishing control over larges swaths of Africa and in the Pacific such as the Bismarck Islands. Meanwhile Spain and Portugal began to lose control of their South and Central American colonies to successful independence movements.  

Imperalism's Effects On Europe

Imperialism resulted in Europe coming to dominate most of the world. From ruling practically all of Africa to Britain's rule over India, Europe spread their influence and ideas around the world. "By 1900 the British ruled 400 million subjects and a quarter of the globe, while France possessions encompassed 6 million square miles and 52 million subjects. Germany united only in 1871, by 1900 had acquired an empire of 1 million square miles and 15 million people" (Lynn, Martin). The colonies/territories that Europe acquired gave them access to a plethora of cheap goods and markets. A non-economic consequence of Europe's imperial policy was a drive to have a strong military to safeguard overseas possessions. This would lead to Britain's becoming the most powerful maritime state in the world during this time period. For smaller nations overseas possessions gave them access to wealth and power that were impossible for them to secure in mainland Europe.

Colonialism vs Imperialism

 Colonialism refers the creation of settlements in foreign territories intended to dominate the land and its native peoples and to take its wealth believed it cold secure distant territory at less expense than armies would require; it could train a foreign population in the imperial powers culture in some cases it could alleviate crowding in the mother country.
Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, and cultural life. However, as compared to Colonialism, Imperialism does not refer to large settlements by the ruling nation.  

Colonialism and Imperialism both see one country ruling over or dominating a foreign land and its indigenous population. This picture is a good representation of how Colonialism and Imperialism could be very similar as in this picture is Canada and English colony as well as places like India that were recipients of Imperialism more than Colonialism

Colonialism and Imperialism

Colonization refers the creation of settlements in foreign territories intended to dominate the land and its native peoples and to take its wealth believed it cold secure distant territory at less expense than armies would require; it could train a foreign population in the imperial powers culture in some cases it could alleviate crowding in the mother country.
Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, and cultural life.
Colonialism and Imperialism see one country ruling over or dominating a foreign land and its indigenous population

How did imperialists justify imperialism?

Imperialists used new racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism to justify imperialism. Imperialists often believed they were superior over those who were imperialized. Some felt that it was their duty to protect other nations, especially weaker ones.
The main reason for France's colonization of Vietnam was for profit. Vietnamese workers now no longer provided solely for themselves; they were required to work for their French leaders. France took land in Vietnam, often by force, and turned the conquered land into plantations.Factories and mines were also established to exploit Vietnam's natural resources.

Benefits of Imperialism and Effects on European Influence

Many European nations used imperialism to establish a far flung empire that brought enormous economic benefits to said European nation. It gave European nations access to a wealth of new resources and allowed them to dominate trade in many markets while supplying them with cheap goods. Colonies also allowed the ruling nation's naval forces to dominate the seas in that region and build their naval power allowing them to dominate the region. The map below shows various European sea empires in the 1700's.

What were the effects of nationalism on various peoples and regions?

The ideology of nationalism spread and fostered new communal identities. It fostered a sense of patriotism and national pride. In many cases it also led to a more cohesive society. Nationalism makes people feel that they are important and in control.
In France, a sense of nationalism started to develop when Napoleon rose to power. As soon as Napoleon gained power, he took control of the weakened, existing government. Napoleon established many reforms that improved education. This reform taught children to be loyal to the nation rather than to the church. Napoleon also established a set of civil laws known as the Napoleonic Code. In the Philippines, nationalism was brought about by the love that the Filipinos had for their country. Nationalism in Germany was boosted when southern German states united with Prussia to engage in a war against France. Bismarck used a sense of national pride to unite the German states.